Volcanoes and Earthquakes have devastating consequences as disasters, as they cause many hundreds of deaths all year round from all over the world. Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Ash deposits result from more explosive activity and lava flows usually are associated with quieter activity. After a few eruptions the lava and ash deposits build up and form"mini volcanoes"which eventually can form fully sized volcanoes.
"Stress"in the earth's outer layer cause a pushing effect against the sides of the fault. Due to this motion, rocks slip or collide against each other releasing energy. This released energy travels in waves through the earth's crust and causes the shaking that we feel during an earthquake.
Under the surface of the earth, the two sides of a fault are constantly moving, relative to one another. This movement is known as a fault slip. The movement of these two sides is not smooth and is accompanied by a gradual build-up of elastic strain energy within the rocks along the fault.
Eventually, the strain fault becomes too much. Then ruptures with a sudden movement releasing all the energy it has built up. This energy is released in the form of vibrations called 'seismic waves'. These waves travel along the surface and through the earth at speeds depending on the material through which they move. It is actually these seismic waves that cause most of the destructive effects, which we associate with earthquakes. Earthquakes can also cause landslides, sudden eruptions as in the case of a hot lava flow from a volcano or giant waves called tsunamis. Sometimes new land mass are also formed. Earthquakes are one of the most devastating distasters around
Under the surface of the earth, the two sides of a fault are constantly moving, relative to one another. This movement is known as a fault slip. The movement of these two sides is not smooth and is accompanied by a gradual build-up of elastic strain energy within the rocks along the fault.
Eventually, the strain fault becomes too much. Then ruptures with a sudden movement releasing all the energy it has built up. This energy is released in the form of vibrations called 'seismic waves'. These waves travel along the surface and through the earth at speeds depending on the material through which they move. It is actually these seismic waves that cause most of the destructive effects, which we associate with earthquakes. Earthquakes can also cause landslides, sudden eruptions as in the case of a hot lava flow from a volcano or giant waves called tsunamis. Sometimes new land mass are also formed. Earthquakes are one of the most devastating distasters around
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